Urethral obstruction, commonly referred to as a "blocked cat," is a critical emergency that requires prompt attention. This condition can lead to life-threatening complications if not managed properly. Fortunately, with the right approach, veterinarians can alleviate the obstruction, restore normal function, and minimise risks to the patient. Below are the highlights from a recent webinar on this important topic.

Understanding the Causes

1. Urethral Plug: A sticky, toothpaste-like obstruction in the urethra.

2. Uroliths (Stones): Small mineral stones (2–6 mm) that lodge in the urethra.

3. Urethral Spasm: Muscle contractions triggered by trauma or catheterisation, mimicking obstruction.

4. Urethral Stricture: Scarring from previous trauma, narrowing the urethra and increasing obstruction risk.

Immediate Management

Pain Relief

• Provide analgesics such as butorphanol, buprenorphine, or methadone.

• Avoid NSAIDs until hydration and blood pressure are stabilised.

Cystocentesis

• Relieve bladder pressure and alleviate pain by safely performing cystocentesis:

  • Stabilise the cat to prevent movement.

  • Keep the needle steady during the procedure.

  • Completely empty the bladder.

Restoring Kidney Function

• Administer IV fluids (e.g., Hartmann’s solution) to combat dehydration, acidosis, and electrolyte imbalances.

• Buffered solutions are particularly effective in managing hyperkalaemia.

Using Indwelling Catheters

Selection and Placement

• Opt for pliable, non-irritant options like Myler or small Foley catheters.

• Avoid unsuitable options such as Jackson’s catheters.

• Measure carefully to ensure the catheter reaches the bladder.

Monitoring and Maintenance

• Use aseptic techniques to minimise infection risk.

• Employ a closed collection system when possible, or consider open drainage for resistant cases.

Key Considerations

• Indwelling catheters prevent re-obstruction but should not be relied upon to clear residual material.

• Remove once the bladder is clear to reduce the risk of infection and discomfort.

Post-Unblocking Care

• Monitor for complications such as urethral spasm or stricture.

• Delay NSAID administration until the cat’s condition stabilises to avoid nephrotoxicity.

Flushing Techniques

• Use sterile saline and end-opening catheters to create forward-propelling force.

• Avoid side-port catheters that can dilute flushing efficiency.

• Employ gentle and controlled methods to avoid urethral damage, which can lead to long-term complications.

Planning for Surgery

When cystotomy is needed:

• Ensure the patient is stable, hydrated, and comfortable with proper analgesia.

• Schedule the procedure in a calm and controlled environment.

Why Watch the Webinar?

This blog covers just a fraction of the valuable insights shared during the webinar. From practical catheterisation techniques to tips for minimising complications, this session is packed with expert advice to improve patient outcomes.

Watch it on-demand through The Webinar Vet. Not a member? Click here to join and unlock this essential resource for veterinary care.

Manage blocked cats with confidence and provide the best possible care by staying informed. Don't miss out on this invaluable learning opportunity!